| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 6th to 10th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 11th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science NCERT Questions with Solutions (Class 12th) | ||||||||||||||
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Class 6th Science Additional Questions
1. Food: Where Does It Come From?
This chapter explores the diverse sources of the food we eat daily, classifying them primarily into **plants** and **animals**. It details the various edible parts of plants, such as roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds. Food items obtained from animals like milk, eggs, and meat are also discussed. The concept of food habits is introduced, categorizing animals based on their diet into **herbivores**, **carnivores**, and **omnivores**, highlighting the interconnectedness of living organisms through food.
2. Components Of Food
Our food contains vital substances called **nutrients** essential for our body's growth, repair, and energy needs. This chapter discusses the main nutrients: **carbohydrates** (for energy), **proteins** (for growth and repair), **fats** (for energy and storage), and **vitamins and minerals** (for protection against diseases). The importance of roughage (dietary fibre) and water is also highlighted. Simple tests to identify starch, protein, and fat in food items are introduced, emphasizing the necessity of a **balanced diet** for maintaining good health and preventing deficiency diseases, common issues in India.
3. Fibre To Fabric
This chapter takes you on the journey from natural or synthetic **fibres** to the **fabrics** used for clothing and other purposes. It introduces different types of fibres, distinguishing between natural fibres obtained from plants (like cotton and jute, widely used in India) and animals (like wool and silk), and man-made synthetic fibres. The basic processes involved in converting raw fibre into **yarn** (**spinning**) and then yarn into **fabric** using techniques like **weaving** and knitting are explained, illustrating how textiles are created.
4. Sorting Materials Into Groups
The world contains numerous objects made of different **materials**. This chapter explains how to group materials based on their observable properties. Materials can be sorted based on characteristics such as **appearance** (lustre, dullness), **hardness** (soft, hard), **texture** (smooth, rough), **solubility** in water, whether they float or sink, and **transparency** (transparent, translucent, opaque). Grouping materials simplifies their study, helps in understanding their uses, and allows for selecting the most suitable material for a specific application based on its properties.
5. Separation Of Substances
Substances are often found as **mixtures**, and separating their components is frequently necessary in daily life or industry. This chapter introduces various simple techniques for **separating substances** from mixtures. Methods discussed include **handpicking** (e.g., separating pebbles from grain), **threshing**, **winnowing** (separating lighter husk from grain), **sieving** (separating particles by size), **sedimentation** (settling of solids), **decantation** (pouring off liquid), and **filtration** (using a filter paper). **Evaporation** is also explained for recovering a dissolved solid from a liquid, illustrating practical separation principles.
6. Changes Around Us
Our surroundings are constantly undergoing various types of **changes**. This chapter helps observe and classify these changes. It distinguishes between **reversible changes**, which can be undone to get the original substance back (like melting ice, folding paper), and **irreversible changes**, where a new substance is formed and the change cannot be easily reversed (like burning paper, cooking food). The chapter also explores how applying heat or cold can cause changes, such as expansion, contraction, or changes in the state of matter, demonstrating the dynamic nature of substances.
7. Getting To Know Plants
Plants are diverse and essential living organisms. This chapter helps in identifying and understanding the basic structure and different parts of a typical plant. It discusses the functions of the **root**, **stem**, **leaf**, **flower**, and **fruit**. Plants are also classified into different categories like **herbs**, **shrubs**, and **trees** based on characteristics like size, stem structure, and lifespan. Understanding plant parts and types is fundamental to appreciating their life processes and their crucial role in ecosystems, including providing food and oxygen.
8. Body Movements
This chapter explores how living organisms, particularly humans and various animals, are able to move. It explains the role of the **skeletal system** (bones and joints) and **muscles** in facilitating movement. Different types of **joints** in the human body (e.g., ball and socket, hinge, pivot) are discussed, illustrating how they allow specific types of motion. The chapter also briefly describes the mechanisms of movement in other animals like earthworms, snails, birds, fish, and snakes, highlighting the diverse strategies of locomotion found in the animal kingdom.
9. The Living Organisms — Characteristics And Habitats
This chapter helps define what distinguishes **living organisms** from non-living things by discussing their essential characteristics: growth, movement, respiration, response to stimuli, excretion, and reproduction. It introduces the concept of **habitat** as the specific environment where an organism lives and finds its needs. The chapter also discusses **adaptations**, special features or behaviours that help organisms survive in their particular habitats, illustrating how different organisms are suited to live in diverse environments like deserts, mountains, and aquatic regions, showcasing nature's resilience.
10. Motion And Measurement Of Distances
This chapter introduces the concept of **motion** as a change in position over time. It discusses various types of motion, such as straight-line (rectilinear), circular, and periodic motion. The necessity of accurately **measuring distances** using standard units is emphasized. The **SI system** and the metre as the standard unit of length are introduced. Simple methods for measuring the length of both straight lines (using a ruler) and curved lines (using a thread) are explained, providing practical skills in making precise measurements and describing movement.
11. Light, Shadows And Reflections
This chapter explores the fundamental properties of **light** and related phenomena. It establishes that light travels in **straight lines**. The formation of **shadows** when opaque objects block the path of light is explained, discussing how the size and shape of the shadow depend on the object, the light source, and their positions. The concept of **reflection**, the bouncing back of light from a surface like a mirror, is introduced, demonstrating how mirrors form images. Simple experiments like making a pinhole camera illustrate these basic principles of optics.
12. Electricity And Circuits
This chapter introduces the basics of **electricity** and how it flows in a path called a circuit. It defines **electric current** as the flow of electric charge. The essential components of a simple electric circuit are identified: an electric cell (the source of power), a bulb (the device that uses power), a switch (to turn the flow on/off), and connecting wires. The difference between an **open circuit** (broken path, no current) and a **closed circuit** (complete path, current flows) is explained, fundamental to understanding how electrical devices work.
13. Fun With Magnets
This chapter explores the fascinating properties of **magnets**. It distinguishes between **magnetic materials** (attracted by magnets) and non-magnetic materials. The concept of **magnetic poles** (North and South) is introduced, explaining that the magnetic force is strongest at the poles. The fundamental rule that **like poles repel and opposite poles attract** is demonstrated. Simple experiments like using a magnet to find direction and making temporary magnets are included, highlighting the interesting and practical uses of magnets in daily life and toys.
14. Water
**Water** is an indispensable natural resource crucial for the survival of all living organisms. This chapter discusses the importance of water, its various sources on Earth (oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater), and the three states in which it exists (solid ice, liquid water, gaseous water vapour). The continuous movement of water through the environment, known as the **water cycle** (evaporation, condensation, precipitation), is explained. The chapter highlights the growing issue of water scarcity and the urgent need for **water conservation** and responsible usage, a vital concern in India.
15. Air Around Us
**Air**, an invisible mixture of gases, surrounds us and is essential for life. This chapter explores the **composition of air**, primarily nitrogen (approx. 78%) and oxygen (approx. 21%), with small amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapour. Simple experiments demonstrate the properties of air, such as it occupies space, has weight, and is necessary for burning. The vital importance of air for respiration in living organisms, its role in weather and wind energy, and the harmful effects of **air pollution** are discussed, emphasizing the need to maintain air quality.
16. Garbage In, Garbage Out
This chapter addresses the issue of **waste management** and its impact on the environment. It discusses the different types of garbage generated (household waste, industrial waste) and categorizes them into **biodegradable** (which decays naturally) and **non-biodegradable** (which does not decay easily, like plastics). The problems caused by improper waste disposal are highlighted. Effective methods for managing waste, such as **composting** (including vermicomposting using earthworms) and **recycling** materials, are explained. The chapter emphasizes the importance of reducing waste generation and adopting sustainable practices like the **3 Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)**.